What is a Layer 1 blockchain?

Layer 1 blockchains include such major networks as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and BNB, as well as their standard infrastructure. Layer 1 blockchains validate and complete transactions without the involvement of other networks. Using the example of the Bitcoin blockchain, it became clear that it is very difficult to increase the scalability of Layer 1 networks. To solve the problem, the developers created Layer 2 networks. They rely on consensus and the security of Layer 1 networks. One example of Layer 2 protocols is the Lightning Network. The network allows users to quickly transact without writing information to the public blockchain.